TEACHING READING

Reading is fluent process of readers combining information from a text and their own background knowledge to build meaning. The goal of reading is comprehension. Strategic Reading is defined as the ability of the reader to use a wide variety of reading strategies to accomplish a purpose of reading. Fluent reading is as ability to read at an appropriate rate with adequate rate with comprehension. Means that the text, reader, fluency, and strategies combined together define the act of reading.
There are some techniques which are can implement in the class:
• Active prior knowledge is prior to each reading passage, it is beneficial to engage the readers in an activity that gets them thinking about what they already know about the topic of reading.
• Cultivate Vocabulary is word webs are very good activity for building students’ vocabulary skills. Begin by writing a key concept in the middle of the chalkboard. Example if the teacher want discuss about music the students will try to make a web which is related to music.
• Teach for Comprehension asking the students comprehension questions after reading a passage, a teacher can model with the class how comprehension is reached.
• Increase Reading Rate is repeated reading. Students read a short passage over and over again until they achieve criterion level of reading rate and comprehension.
• Verify Reading Strategies is think-aloud in a guided format get learners to identify the strategies that they use while reading.
• Evaluate progress is reading journal are an effective to evaluate reading progress. Students make a journal entry each day. Then respond to different question based in different areas of focus they are working in the class.
• Jigsaw and information gap are also can be implemented in reading technique.





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Lesson Plan

Subject : Bahasa Inggris

Class/Smester : X/ I

Meeting : 1

Alokasi waktu : 2 JP

1. Standard Competence :

Reading

The students may understand and know the part of procedure text with using jigsaw technique.

2. Basic Competence :

Reading

The student be able to understand and devide the part or the gender of procedure text by using jigsaw technique.

3. Indicator :

1. Analyze the genre of procedure text (introductory, materials, and sequence of steps)

2. May find the part or the gender of procedure text in the text

3 May arange the paragraph well

4. Method :

a. approach : Communicative Approach

b. Technique : Jigsaw reading

5. Material : appendix

6. Teaching scenario :

No.	Teacher activity	Students activity	Time allocation
1.	1. opening session (10 minute) · Teacher greet the students and check for the present of the students · Teacher give persepsion - What do you usually have for your breakfast? - Can you make it by yourself? - What do you need to make it? etc. · Teacher introduce the topic to the students	· Students greeting the teacher and listen carefully to the teacher · Students pay attention to the teacher explaination and try to answer the teacher questions · The students listen carefully	3 minutes 6 minutes 1 minutes
	2. Main activity (70 minutes) · Teacher explain the part of procedure paragraph · Teacher tell the students what is jigsaw reading and give the example also. · After that the teacher give the students unarrange procedure text and tell them to find the genre of procedure text and arange the text well	· Students pay attention and listen carefully to the teacher explaination · Students listen teacher’s explaination carefully · Students do the activity that given from the teacher	30 minutes 5 minutes 35 minutes
	3. Closing activity (10 minutes t) · The teacher conclude the material · Teacher give the students opportunities for the students if there are something don’t understand yet.	· Students pay attention and listen carefully to the teacher explaination also answer the teacher’s questions together · conclude the material together with teacher · Students ask about something or give their opinion	5 minutes 5 minutes

PROCEDURE TEXT

A procedure is a piece of text that gives us instructions for doing something. The purpose of a procedure text is to explain how something be done.

CONSTRUCTING A PROCEDURE TEXT

1. Steps

The steps for constructing a procedure text are:

· Make an introductory statement that gives the aim or goal

· List the materials that will be needed in completing the procedure

· Determine the sequence of steps based on their order

2. Language Features

The language features usually found in a procedure are:

· The use of technical language

· Sentences that begin with verbs or stated as commands

· The use of time words or numbers that tell the order of the procedures

· The use of adverbs to tell how the action should be done

3. Lexicogramatical Features

The lexicogrammatical features in a procedure text are:

· Focus on generalized human agent

· The use of Simple Tense which is often imperative

· The use of mainly temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate sequence)

· The use of mainly material processes

4. The Procedure Scaffold

A Procedure text has three main parts:

a. An introductory statement giving the aim or goal

· This may be the title of the text

· This may be an introductory paragraph

b. Materials needed for completing the procedure

· This may be a list

· This may be a paragraph

c. A sequence of steps in the correct order

· Numbers can be used to show first, second, third, and so on

· The order is usually important

· Words such as now, next, and after this can be used.

· Usually the steps begin with command such as add, stir, or push.

Jigsaw Reading is a technique which must be work in pair where the students should help each other to arrange the paragraph based on the genre and coherency.

Lesson for the Learner

Arrange this paragraph in to a good paragraph with your group, after that analyze the text below based on the genre or procedure text!

Banana Crumb Muffins

INGREDIENTS

• 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
• 1 teaspoon baking soda
• 1 teaspoon baking powder
• 1/2 teaspoon salt
• 3 bananas, mashed
• 3/4 cup white sugar
• 1 egg, lightly beaten
• 1/3 cup butter, melted
• 1/3 cup packed brown sugar
• 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
• 1/8 teaspoon ground cinnamon
• 1 tablespoon butter

A basic banana muffin is made extraordinary with a cinnamon-and-brown-sugar streusel topping. The crumb topping is what makes these banana muffins stand apart from the ordinary. They're scrumptious!

DIRECTIONS

1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C). Lightly grease 10 muffin cups, or line with muffin papers.
2. In a large bowl, mix together 1 1/2 cups flour, baking soda, baking powder and salt. In another bowl, beat together bananas, sugar, egg and melted butter. Stir the banana mixture into the flour mixture just until moistened. Spoon batter into prepared muffin cups.
3. In a small bowl, mix together brown sugar, 2 tablespoons flour and cinnamon. Cut in 1 tablespoon butter until mixture resembles coarse cornmeal. Sprinkle topping over muffins.
4. Bake in preheated oven for 18 to 20 minutes, until a toothpick inserted into centre of a muffin comes out clean.